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Gain describes the ratio of output to input level. In a receiver it can occur before or after digitisation and is often expressed in dB.

Automatic Gain Control adjusts gain according to signal level, reducing differences between weak and strong signals at the output.

Decibels express a ratio logarithmically. For power, use 10 · log₁₀(P₂/P₁), allowing gains and losses in a chain to be added.